Ella Fitzgerald and Frank Sinatra sing a parody of “Can’t We Be Friends?” on the Frank Sinatra Timex Show, 1959 (x)
Ella Fitzgerald signing autographs at the concert series Jazz at the Philharmonic in Vienna in February 1954.
Ella Fitzgerald with director Jack Webb on set of PETE KELLY’S BLUES (1955)
Ella Fitzgerald backstage and performing at Madison Square Garden before for JFK's Birthday Salute in 1962.
The Ella Fitzgerald Show (1970)
Juanita Moore and Ella Fitzgerald backstage at the 32nd Academy Awards ceremony in 1959.
Ella Fitzgerald
Promo photo for Jazz at the Philharmonic Concert in Paris 1957, NARA ID 20012478.
#OTD 1934: Ella Fitzgerald Debuts at Amateur Night at the Apollo! First Lady of Song AND Civil Rights activist By Miriam Kleiman, Public Affairs
On the evening of November 21, 1934, 17 year-old Ella Fitzgerald took the stage on Amateur Night at Harlem’s Apollo Theater and launched her longtime career as the “First Lady of Song.” She sang for presidents, was the first Black woman to win a Grammy (she won 13 Grammy awards) and sold over 40 million albums.
She was also a Civil Rights activist who used her talent to break racial barriers. In recognition of her work she was awarded the NAACP Equal Justice Award and the American Black Achievement Award. The National Archives holds records documenting the discrimination she faced -- and fought.
Ella Fitzgerald et al v. Pan Am: Racism or “honest mistake”? On tour in 1954 en route to a concert in Australia she was denied the right to board a Pan American flight. She had to spend three days in Hawaii before other transportation to Australia could be secured, and she missed her concert dates.
She sued Pan Am, claiming racism and seeking financial compensation. Pan Am claimed it was “an honest mistake” due to a reservation mix-up. The district judge dismissed the complaint, but the plaintiffs appealed. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed that decision, ruling in favor of the plaintiffs.
New York Times, 12/31/1954.
Complaint, Ella Fitzgerald, John Lewis, Georgiana Henry, and Norman Granz v. Pan American, Inc., 12/23/1954 Records of U.S. District Courts NARA ID 2641486.
Ella Fitzgerald Performs at Birthday Salute to JFK at Madison Square Garden 5/19/1962, JFK Library ID ST-212-15-62.
President Gerald R. Ford and First Lady Betty Ford with Ella Fitzgerald at White House Bicentennial concert 6/20/1976, Ford Library, NARA ID 7840021.
Ella Fitzgerald Performs at the White House State Dinner for King Juan Carlos I of Spain, 10/13/1981, Reagan Library, NARA ID 75855955.
More online:
- See the complaint in the Documented Rights online exhibit under “Challenging Discrimination.”
- DocsTeach: Complaint in the Case of Fitzgerald v. Pan American Airways, 12/23/1954
- DocsTeach: Judgment in the Case of Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, 1/26/1956.
- Hear Fitzgerald discuss this incident, the lawsuit, and her legal victory: Ella Fitzgerald kicked off a plane because of her race: CBC Archives.
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